The terms bolts and screws do not refer to specific types of fasteners, but rather how they are used i. A bolt is a form of threaded fastener with an external male thread. This includes the head, length and more, however, the bolt thread is often the hardest to measure. Check this is the latest process zone version before use. Unit 5 design of screws, fasteners design of screws. Types of bolts designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge.
The quantity of bolts for a flange connection will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts is dependent of flange type. Table 1 bolt and nut standards specified anchor bolt category bolt. Specification for structural joints using astm a325 or a490 bolts june 30, 2004 supersedes the. It is estimated that over 90 percent of inch fastener series in canada and the united states have class 2a and 2b threads. Marking astm a563 grade 0 carbon steel 14 112 69,000 52,000 b55 c32 astm a563 grade a carbon steel 14 112 90,000 68,000 b68 c32. Channel nuts are one of the main components of our strut system. An astm a325, a449, or a490 bolt, an astm f1852 or f2280 twistoff type tensioncontrol bolt or an alternative. Specification for structural joints using astm a325 or. The following formula was used in establishing stud bolt. Ajax bolts and nuts are, in most cases manufactured to meet the requirements of. They share a hexagonal head and are driven with a wrench. Free bolt size charts screw charts nut size charts all charts are downloadable and printable pdf formats great online mechanics tools for metric and us. Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel compressiblewasher type direct tension indicators for use with cap screws, bolts. Embedment depth to develop tensile capacity of anchor bolt.
Common fasteners include screws, bolts, nuts and rivets. Standard specification for anchor bolts, steel, 36, 55, and 105ksi yield strength. Why specified torque is sometimes lower than the maximum. Standard bolt size is measured from the surface of the material to its end. Stud bolt with nuts point height l api type 6b flange l s figure 2. Provide bolts and nuts that meet the standards given in table 1. Wood screws have large threads and a smooth shank f or pulling two pieces of material together. Shoulder bolts also known as stripper bolts are used to create a pivot point. Fastener type chart bolt depot nuts and bolts, screws.
Identification chart for types of fasteners bolt and screw wood screws, machine screws, thread cutting machine screws, sheet metal screws, self drilling sms, hex bolts, carriage bolts, lag bolts, socket screws, set screws, eye bolts, eye lags, j bolts, u bolts, shoulder bolts, elevator bolts, sex bolts, mating screws and hanger bolts. Grade identification markings for nuts specification. Nuts are available in a variety of shapes, sizes, materials, and thread patterns. Identification charts for different types of fasteners.
Technical specification for metric hexagonal bolts, nuts. We have the charts to help you identify the many different types of bolts and screws for just about any project. Types of bolts carriage bolt eye bolt hex bolt lag bolt machine bolt flat topped machine oval sheet metal bolt self drilling sheet metal bolt flat top socket bolt round slotted wood screw screw slotted 3. Carriage bolts and lag bolts 37 square bolts 38 step bolts and countersunk head elevator bolts 39 nuts finished and heavy hex nuts 41 hexagon machine screw nuts 42 type a forged wing nuts 43 hex slotted nuts 44 hex and heavy hex jam nuts 45 to 46 hex castle nuts 47 large diameter hexagon head cap nuts 48. Bolts are one of the most versatile structural fasteners, available in a vast array of configurations to suit different materials and strength requirements.
Fastener basics bolt depot nuts and bolts, screws and. Carriage bolts and lag bolts 37 square bolts 38 step bolts and countersunk head elevator bolts 39 nuts finished and heavy hex nuts 41 hexagon machine screw nuts 42 type a forged wing nuts 43 hex slotted nuts 44 hex and heavy hex jam nuts 45 to 46 hex castle nuts 47 large diameter hexagon head cap nuts. Not that the guys at the hardware store dont need a chuckle every now and. Metric nuts and bolts this short guide is intended to give a very basic introduc on to iso metric nuts and bolts. The word safetying is a term universally used in the aircraft industry. Our unique all metal anti vibration flange nuts stay securely tightened without the need for washers, nylon nuts or thread locking compounds. Most commonly used in the bulk production of bolts, screws, nuts for general engineering applications. The tightening of the bolt and nut produces a tensile prestress, which is approximately equal to the compressive stress introduced in the joint material.
Grade identification markings for nuts specification material nominal proof load grade size stress zinc identification inches plain psi coated min. All fastener solutions fastener nuts are available in a wide range of material options, including an assortment of exotic metals that have many different types. In this article, you will learn about the types of nuts and bolts. At one time or another, all of us even the pros misidentify a fastener. It is intended for those working in plant and machinery maintenance to give. A more detailed discussion of the four tightening zones is presented in section 2.
Typical coach bolt the coach bolt has a square collar under the domed head and this locks into the wood when the. The identification of highstrength structural bolt and nut assemblies can be readily made from the bolt. Pdf iso metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. Fully threaded hex bolts are also known as tap bolts. Mseries metric system of diameters, pitches, and toleranceallowances. Fabricate and install anchor bolts to be embedded in or attached to concrete. J bolts shoulder bolts j shaped bolts are used for tiedowns or as an open eye bolt. Hex tap bolts, hex cap screws, trim head hex cap screws, and hex serrated flange bolts fall under this category. Cheat guide chart bolts, screws, washers, nuts, drive charts working on a project and trying to find the name of a special bolt type. A bolt is a type of fastener, usually made from metal, that commonly comprises a head at one end, a chamfer at the other, and a shaft characterised by an external helical ridge known as a thread. Unit 5 design of screws, fasteners and power screws structure 5. In the type of locking, the friction between the mating threads of bolt and nut locks the nut. Ajax fastener hand book issue99 pdf 2000 west coast fasteners. Fasteners are defined as hardware that can be easily installed and removed with hand or power tools.
A bolt is a type of threaded hardware fastener that is used to position two workpieces in specific relation to each other. Jam nuts, cotter pins, lock nuts, lock washers and similar devices also prevent the loss of the bolt or nut by back off but they result in added weight, inconvenience and cost. D suitable denotes nuts having mechanical properties that will make it possible to obtain the desired bolt load, but may require consideration of dimensional configura tion, style, suitability and availability. Ogee thick, large diameter, cast iron washers with a curved or sculpted appearance. Nuts and bolts come in many different types and sizes and some are shown below. Fastener nuts and bolts are also available in other materials such as highstrength steel, brass, aluminum, plastic and other types of exotic metals. The stud bolt is a threaded rod with 2 heavy hexagon nuts, while the hex bolt has a head with one nut. Technical specification for metric hexagonal bolts, nuts, coach screw, and flat washers. Wood screws ws machine screws ms thread cutting machine screws sheet metal screws sms self drilling sms hex bolts carriage bolts lag bolts socket screws set screws. A short guide to metric nuts and bolts dd thomson engineering. Unified finethread series unf or unrf use when more threads per inch are required i. Bolts are measured in many different types of parameters.
Metric millimeter bolt and nut substitutions will be allowed in accordance with these tables. Washers spread the load over a greater surface area when tightening a bolt, screw or nut. Iockwiring is a laborious method of preventing bolt or nut rotation, it is still used in critical applications, particularly in the aerospace field, the nuts. Lead l the distance the nut moves parallel to the screw axis when the nut is given one turn. While your selection of a nut is somewhat constrained by your choice of bolt particularly in terms of size and threadingyou still should select the nut head shape and material that is most suitable for your application. There comes a time when every mechanic could use a quicker way to help measure their nuts and bolts. Securing by various means any nut, bolt, turnbuckle etc. Thread standards and definitions united states, canada, and united kingdom use the unified of unified inch profile, in. When the nut is tightened over a bolt, the lower flanks of the threads of the bolt will be in contact with the upper flanks of threads of the nut. Bolts come in several configurations for their application and specification variances. Engineering fundamentals of threaded fastener design and. The behavior and life of the joint depends on how tightly the bolts. Iso metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts specification no copying without bsi permission except as permitted by copyright law.
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